台岛资讯

台湾少数民族:邹(Tsou)

时间:2009-12-01 14:10   来源:台胞之家网

  邹,是目前台湾原住民人口数排名第九的族群,他们以居住区域不同而分为三个语言各异的亚族,居住在嘉义县阿里山的北邹族,以及居住在高雄县的南邹族以及卡那卡那布族群。
  
  邹,意指人的意思,他们是以父系嫡长为核心价值的耕猎族群。其部落组织是以设有“库巴”的大社为核心,大社居住着各氏族的嫡长家庭,小社则是各氏族分出去的庶系家庭,每一大社都有一位世袭头目,部族所有事务,都由各氏族最年长者主持。
  
  库巴,是氏族男子集会的专用场所,也是邹族群的圣地,过去男性年甫弱冠,就需离家到库巴集训,接受文化、历史、技艺、狩猎的训练,使其成为捍卫部落的勇士。集会所是大社的政治中枢,部落大事是由世袭头目召集各氏族长老在集会所议决,也是负责战士培训与指挥的场所,严禁女子进入。目前仅余达邦、特富野两个大社。
  
  邹,传统习俗中以“服役婚”的风俗最为独特。男子婚后要在妻子的娘家义务工作三年以上,以充当聘金。女婿的服役期的长短,在婚前就已经由双方家长谈妥。战祭,是邹人的传统祭典,战祭最重要的意义是勉励邹人用自己全部的精力和生命来保护部落,并祈求战神降临保佑。从祭典的仪式流程和歌舞中可以发现,邹人已经将人与神、人与人之间的关系秩序安排的非常清楚,同时是维系部落伦理、规范、精神、战斗力的一大支柱。战祭,每年在达邦社、特富野社轮流举行,祭仪一般是安排在阳历2月15日前后,它也是邹人延续文化传承重要的岁时祭典。

Tsou

   The Tsou tribe is ranked 9th among Taiwan’s indigenous tribes in terms of population. Its distribution includes Alishan Township of Chiayi County and Sanmin and Taoyuan townships of Kaohsiung County. 

   The name of the tribe means “human” in the Tsou language. This tribe traditionally possessed a patrilineal society, and practiced agricultural techniques and hunting. They had a strict social structure, with each of the largest villages having a chieftain and a “kuba” or men’s meeting hall, which served as the political center. The major decisions of the tribe were presided over by the elders of each of the clans. 

   The kuba is considered sacred and the exclusive domain of men. Women are strictly prohibited from entering. When boys came of age, they would leave their homes and go to the kuba for a period of training, where they would learn the culture and history of the tribe, as well as develop their skills as craftsmen, hunters and warriors. Currently, only the villages of Dabang and Tefuye possess a kuba. 

   Traditionally, a man would work for the family of his wife for at least three years following the wedding. The term of service was decided by the families of the bride and groom before marriage. The Warring Cermony (Mayasvi) is held every year on or around February 15 either in the village of Dabang or Tefuye and is one of the major ceremonies of the Tsou. During this ceremony, the god of war is invited to earth to provide blessings to the tribe.
编辑:杨永青

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